Karim Nader is Afred P. Sloane Fellow and CIHR New Investigator in the Department of Psychology at the McGill University in Montreal, Canada. He studies the working of the short- and long-term memory in the brain at the level of neurons, synapses (the connections between neurons), and molecules in the synapses. He was one of the first to prove that the material basis of long-term memories is not stable "engrams" (as they used to be called), but proteins that can be changed when remembered. His research opens up an extensive field of therapeutic, philosophical and artistic possibilities yet to be explored.